The Worlds Most Exhibiting Heightened Active Volcanoes in 2025—Which Ones Are Scientists Watching Closely?

 As of March 7, 2025, several volcanoes around the world are exhibiting heightened activity, drawing close attention from scientists and authorities. Here are some of the most active volcanoes currently being monitored:

1. Kīlauea, Hawaii, USA

Kīlauea has been erupting since December 23, 2024, with episodic lava fountains reaching heights up to 600 feet. The latest eruptive episode, which began on March 4, 2025, lasted approximately 22 hours, attracting numerous visitors to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. While no residential areas are currently threatened, officials continue to monitor the situation closely.

2. Mount Etna, Sicily, Italy

Mount Etna's recent eruptions have drawn thousands of tourists, leading to numerous rescue missions due to risky behaviors such as taking selfies near lava flows and inadequate preparation for the harsh conditions. Authorities have introduced restrictions and are urging the public to maintain a safe distance from the magma to prevent injuries and ensure safety.

3. Kanlaon, Negros Island, Philippines

Kanlaon Volcano has been under Alert Level 3 since December 9, 2024, following an explosive eruption that produced a plume rising 3,000 meters and pyroclastic flows. Elevated sulfur dioxide emissions and ground deformation suggest ongoing magmatic intrusion, indicating the potential for further eruptive activity. Communities surrounding the volcano have been evacuated, and the public is advised to avoid the 4-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone.

4. Phlegraean Fields (Campi Flegrei), near Naples, Italy

The Phlegraean Fields, a large volcanic area near Naples, have experienced increased seismic activity, including a magnitude 4.2 earthquake in September 2023—the strongest in 40 years. Authorities have prepared contingency plans to evacuate up to 360,000 people in the area, though a major eruption is not expected imminently.

5. Axial Seamount, off the coast of Oregon, USA

Axial Seamount, an underwater volcano located 300 miles off the Oregon coast, is predicted to erupt by the end of the year due to increased seismic activity and significant re-swelling. While an eruption is anticipated, it is expected to pose little risk to the public, as the volcano's structure would likely prevent tsunamis or other major hazards.

6. Kolumbo, near Santorini, Greece

Santorini has been experiencing frequent earthquakes, with over 550 tremors recorded within a few days, raising concerns about a potential eruption of the nearby Kolumbo submarine volcano. Emergency measures are in place, and thousands have evacuated the island as authorities monitor the situation closely.

These developments underscore the importance of continuous monitoring and preparedness in volcanic regions to mitigate risks to human life and property.

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